Navratri is a vibrant Hindu festival celebrated with great enthusiasm across India and by the Indian diaspora around the world. The festival spans nine nights and is dedicated to the worship of the goddess Durga in her various forms. Navratri usually falls twice a year, once in the spring (Chaitra Navratri) and once in the autumn (Sharad Navratri). In 2023, Sharad Navratri will be observed from October 6th to October 14th. This article will delve into the significance of Navratri, the rituals and customs associated with it, and the various ways it is celebrated. Let’s dive into the vibrant world of Navratri!
Significance of Navratri
Navratri holds immense significance as it symbolizes the victory of good over evil. It is believed that during these nine nights and ten days, the goddess Durga battles the buffalo demon Mahishasura and emerges victorious on the tenth day, known as Vijayadashami or Dussehra. The festival also marks the transition from the hot, humid monsoon season to the cooler autumn season.
The Story behind Navratri
According to Hindu mythology, Navratri commemorates the battle between goddess Durga and the demon Mahishasura. Mahishasura, who had the power to change his form, wreaked havoc on earth and the heavens. The gods created Durga, an embodiment of divine shakti (feminine energy), to defeat him. The battle between Durga and Mahishasura lasted for nine days and nights, during which Durga finally slew the demon on the tenth day, Vijayadashami. Each day of Navratri is dedicated to a different form of the goddess, and devotees offer prayers and conduct rituals to seek her blessings.
Rituals and Customs during Navratri
1. Fasting
One of the most common practices during Navratri is fasting. Devotees abstain from consuming grains, non-vegetarian food, alcohol, and certain vegetables like onions and garlic. Instead, they opt for satvik food such as fruits, nuts, and dairy products.
2. Garba and Dandiya Raas
In Gujarat and other parts of India, people gather in groups to perform traditional folk dances like Garba and Dandiya Raas. These energetic dances involve rhythmic clapping, striking sticks, and elaborate footwork, accompanied by lively music. It is a joyous celebration of the goddess and a way to invoke her blessings.
3. Kolu/Golu
In South India, especially in Tamil Nadu, families set up Kolu, also known as Golu. It is a display of various figurines and idols, showcasing different aspects of Hindu mythology. Women invite friends and family to their homes to view the Kolu and offer prayers.
4. Durga Puja
In West Bengal and other parts of eastern India, Navratri is celebrated as Durga Puja. Elaborate pandals are set up to house idols of Durga and her children, Lakshmi, Saraswati, and Kartikeya. The streets come alive with processions, cultural programs, and the beating of drums.
Celebration of Different Forms of Durga
During Navratri, each day is dedicated to a specific form of the goddess Durga, known as Navdurga. Here are the nine forms of the goddess worshipped on each day:
1. Day 1 – Shailaputri
Shailaputri is the daughter of the mountains (shaila). She is depicted riding a bull and carrying a trident.
2. Day 2 – Brahmacharini
Brahmacharini embodies tapasya (austerity). She is depicted holding a rudraksha mala and a water pot.
3. Day 3 – Chandraghanta
Chandraghanta adorns a bell-shaped moon on her forehead, hence the name Chandraghanta.
4. Day 4 – Kushmanda
Kushmanda is believed to have created the universe with her smile. She is depicted with eight hands, each holding different weapons and rosary.
5. Day 5 – Skandamata
Skandamata is the mother of Lord Kartikeya (Skanda). She holds her son in one hand and the lotus flower in the other.
6. Day 6 – Katyayani
Katyayani is known for her fierce form. She is depicted as a warrior goddess with four hands carrying a sword and a lotus.
7. Day 7 – Kalaratri
Kalaratri is a fierce form of Durga who destroyed demons. She is depicted with a dark complexion, disheveled hair, and a sword in one hand.
8. Day 8 – Mahagauri
Mahagauri symbolizes peace and endurance. She is depicted in white clothes, riding a bull, holding a trident and a drum.
9. Day 9 – Siddhidatri
Siddhidatri is the granter of siddhis or supernatural powers. She is depicted with four hands sitting on a lotus.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Navratri
1. What is the best way to observe Navratri at home?
To observe Navratri at home, you can set up a small mandap or altar with images or idols of the goddess Durga. Light diyas, offer flowers, incense, and prasad daily, and recite Durga Saptashati or other prayers dedicated to the goddess.
2. Can non-Hindus participate in Navratri celebrations?
Yes, Navratri is a festival that welcomes people of all backgrounds to join in the celebrations. Many cultural organizations and temples host public Navratri events where everyone is welcome to dance, sing, and enjoy the festive atmosphere.
3. Are there any specific colors to wear during Navratri?
Each day of Navratri is associated with a specific color. Devotees often wear clothes in these colors to mark each day’s significance. For example, the color red is associated with Day 1 (Shailaputri), royal blue with Day 3 (Chandraghanta), and peacock green with Day 5 (Skandamata).
4. What is the significance of Garba and Dandiya Raas during Navratri?
Garba and Dandiya Raas are traditional folk dances that originated in Gujarat and are performed during Navratri to honor the goddess Durga. The circular movements of Garba represent the cycle of life and death, while Dandiya Raas involves energetic stick dances symbolizing the fight between good and evil.
5. How is Navratri celebrated in different regions of India?
Navratri is celebrated in various ways across India. In the north, it is marked by fasting, Ramlila performances, and burning effigies of the demon king Ravana on Dussehra. In the east, particularly in West Bengal, Durga Puja is the main highlight. In the south, Golu/Kolu displays and Bommai Kolu doll arrangements are popular during Navratri.
6. Is it necessary to fast during Navratri?
Fasting during Navratri is a personal choice and not mandatory. However, many devotees choose to fast as a form of sadhana or spiritual discipline to purify the body and mind. Fasting also symbolizes self-control and devotion to the goddess.
7. What is the significance of playing Garba and Dandiya during Navratri?
Garba and Dandiya are not just dance forms but also a way to express gratitude and devotion to the goddess Durga. The synchronized movements, rhythmic beats, and colorful attire create a festive atmosphere that uplifts the spirits of participants and fosters a sense of community and unity.
8. How can one participate in Navratri celebrations if they are unable to attend public events?
If you are unable to attend public Navratri events, you can still celebrate at home by creating a sacred space for the goddess, lighting diyas, reciting prayers, and immersing yourself in devotional music. You can also join online satsangs, virtual Garba classes, and live streams of temple ceremonies to feel connected to the festive spirit.
9. What is the importance of Kanya Pujan during Navratri?
Kanya Pujan or Kanjak is a ritual where young girls are worshipped as manifestations of the divine feminine energy. It signifies respect for women and acknowledges their role as bearers of shakti (power). Devotees offer prasad and gifts to the girls as a way to seek blessings from the goddess and ensure the well-being of their families.
Conclusion
Navratri is a kaleidoscope of traditions, rituals, and cultural expressions that showcase the rich tapestry of Indian heritage. Whether you participate in Garba dances, set up a Kolu display, or observe a traditional Durga Puja, Navratri offers a multitude of ways to connect with the goddess Durga and celebrate her divine presence. As you immerse yourself in the festive fervor of Navratri, may you experience joy, harmony, and spiritual upliftment. Jai Mata Di!
